Pentobarbital is a barbiturate, a class of drugs that act as central nervous system depressants. It is commonly known by its brand name, Nembutal, among others. Pentobarbital is used primarily as a sedative, hypnotic (sleep-inducing agent), anticonvulsant, and anesthetic. It works by enhancing the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which slows down brain activity, producing calming and sleep-inducing effects.Pentobarbital was introduced into Thai medical practice decades ago, paralleling its global adoption. It was commonly used for managing severe insomnia, anxiety, and epilepsy. Due to its rapid onset of action and effective sedation, it was a preferred choice for short-term treatment needs, such as preoperative sedation and controlling acute seizures. However, Thailand's medical community, like many others worldwide, began to transition toward benzodiazepines and other medications during the latter half of the 20th century due to their better safety profiles.
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